Journal: BMC Biology

Article Title: Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

doi: 10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Global population genetic patterns of Hermetia illucens. Discriminant analysis of principal components depicting all 2862 multilocus genotypes assigned to 16 distinct genetic clusters, independent of the original populations sampled (see also Table , Table S6, Additional file ). a Axes 1 and 2 and b axes 2 and 3. Dots show individuals and numbered labels denote cluster means, both arbitrarily coloured as per the key below panel b . c Posterior probabilities of membership to inferred genetic clusters ( K =16) for all individuals (stacked bar plots) arranged as vertical bands within their original populations (Table S3, Additional file ), indicating admixture proportions with cluster colours as defined in panels a and b . Populations are framed by grey boxes whose widths reflect the number of individuals displayed. The bottom part of panel c shows population grouping according to subcontinental origins using colours that differ from those used for genetic clusters. Population groups labelled with roman numbers refer to major geographic regions and provenances: I: entire Africa—captive; II: west—wild; III: central-east—wild; IV: south-east—wild; V: entire Asia—captive; VI: south-east continental—wild; VII: south-east insular—wild; VIII: west—wild & captive; IX: east—captive; X: southern Polynesia—wild & captive; XI: northern Polynesia—captive; XII: north—wild; XIII: central regions—wild & captive; XIV: south—wild; XV: Caribbean—wild; XVI: entire Europe—captive; XVII: west/central—wild; XVIII: south—wild; XIX: south-east—wild; XX: entire North America—captive; XXI: west—wild; XXII: south-east—wild; XXIII: north-west—wild & captive; XXIV: central-east—wild & captive.

Article Snippet: Global population genetic patterns of Hermetia illucens.

Techniques: Northern Blot

Journal: BMC Biology

Article Title: Global population genetic structure and demographic trajectories of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

doi: 10.1186/s12915-021-01029-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inferred global distribution dynamics of Hermetia illucens genetic clusters. Pie charts represent proportions of individuals sampled in major geographic regions and assigned to genetic clusters according to Fig. (see also Table and Table S6, Additional file ). Pie diameters correspond to sample sizes and pies comprising multiple samples reflect whole regions (see Table S10, Additional file , for more detail). a Map depicting biogeographically informative wild and/or captive populations as indicated according to the symbols plotted on starting points referring to major geographic regions. Colonisation routes, as inferred from ABC analyses (Figure S6, Tables S11-13, Additional file ), are indicated by schematically simplified trajectories. Indigenous range expansions are shown by solid arrows and dispersal to non-native regions are differentiated to show founder events from single sources (dashed-dotted arrows), admixture between demographically independent introductions (dashed arrows), and serial colonisations (dotted arrows). Origins mostly refer to whole regions rather than specific locations. b Map depicting exclusively captive population pools from entire continents of North America, Europe, Africa and Asia, and inferred major trading directions of domesticated strains and their introgressants of clusters 1–5 (see Table S10, Additional file , and main text for more detail)

Article Snippet: Global population genetic patterns of Hermetia illucens.

Techniques: